Overlay succeeds because engineered cores, click joints, or adhesive bonds share loads evenly while underlayments cushion minor irregularities. With careful flattening, edge expansion gaps, and moisture checks, the new layer behaves predictably, delivering comfort, stability, and aesthetics that rival full replacement without the structural upheaval or lengthy downtime.
Do not stack new surfaces over loose tiles, spongy subfloors, chronic leaks, mold, or significant height constraints. Excessive deflection, vapor drive, or unevenness beyond manufacturer tolerances will telegraph and fail. Address root causes, then build confidently, preventing callbacks, squeaks, and heartbreak hidden beneath an otherwise beautiful finish.
Degrease thoroughly, abrade glossy glaze, and vacuum dust before priming with a product rated for dense ceramics. Skim grout joints or pour a feather finish to avoid telegraphing. Confirm height at appliances and entryways, planning reducers or flush transitions that protect edges and maintain smooth, safe travel paths.
Test moisture with reputable methods and follow manufacturer limits, then address cracks using appropriate fillers or membranes that decouple movement. Grind paint or contaminants, vacuum meticulously, and prime as specified. A vapor retarding underlayment often adds insurance, improving acoustics while buffering small imperfections and seasonal humidity swings beneath the new surface.
Level refers to gravity; your feet care about flat. Map high and low spots, grind ridges, and fill dips using compounds compatible with existing materials. Observe cure windows and temperatures, then re-check with straightedges, ensuring panels lock effortlessly and adhesives contact properly across the entire floor’s footprint.
Non-porous surfaces often reject adhesives until primed correctly. Choose bonding agents rated for glossy tile, old vinyl, or sealed concrete, and perform small adhesion tests. Skim coat grout or emboss vinyl to smooth textures, improving coverage, quarantine times, and overall reliability once heavy furniture and daily life return.
Strategic underlayments add comfort, dampen echoes, and protect click joints from point loads. Select cork, rubber, or foam with appropriate vapor control, compressibility, and sound ratings. Verify compatibility with radiant systems and adhesives, avoiding temperatures or pressures that could compromise bonds, cup planks, or deform sensitive rigid cores.